| Title | Kalinga architecture style |
|---|---|
| Description | A sub-style of Nagara architecture prominent in ancient Kalinga (modern Odisha), characterized by its distinctive rekha deula, pidha deula, and khakhara deula temple forms, often dedicated to Shiva and Shakti. |
| Tags | Deula Jagmohan Kalinga Temple Odisha Temple Rekha Pidha Khakhara Odisha Temple Odisha temple architecture Jagamohana Odisha architecture Pancharatha Kalingan Odisha temple Kalinga Deul Nagara Odisha temples Jagannath Sculptural Ornamentation Pida Vaitala Jagamohan Temple Architecture Deula architecture Temple architecture Hindu temple Rekha Deul Pidha Deul Odisha Temple Architecture Gajasimha Khakhara Deul Amlaka Hindu Temple Shikhara Hindu architecture Odisha Style Ratha Pitha Odishan temple Nagara Substyle Rekha Deula Pidha Deula Orissan Temple Gandi Amalaka Kalasha Rekha deul Sandstone Hindu Curvilinear Jagati Kalingan temple Mastaka Orissan temple architecture Konark Kalinga temple architecture Anga-shikharas Amla-shila Kalinga temple Nagara sub-style |
| Style ID | INHF-692966792-18-11-25-KC |
| URI | https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/styles/kalinga-architecture-style |
| API Endpoint | https://inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/styles/kalinga-architecture-style |
| Total Sites | 65 |
| Primary Sites | 17 |
| Created | November 19, 2025 |
| Last Updated | November 19, 2025 |
| Regions | Odisha Andhra Pradesh Chhattisgarh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Jharkhand (possible influences) Tripura Jharkhand Meghalaya |
|---|
| Time Periods | 6th-16th century CE 7th century CE 13th century CE 7th-13th century CE 7th Century CE 8th Century CE 9th Century CE 10th Century CE 11th Century CE 12th Century CE 13th Century CE 7th century CE - 13th century CE 6th century CE - 16th century CE Modern adaptations 8th century CE 9th century CE 10th century CE 11th century CE 12th century CE 6th century CE to 16th century CE 7th century CE to 13th century CE 6th-13th century CE Modern |
|---|---|
| Dynasties | Eastern Ganga Dynasty Somavamshi dynasty Koch Dynasty Eastern Ganga dynasty Somavamshi Eastern Ganga Somavamshi Dynasty Sailodbhava dynasty Ganga dynasty Sailodbhava Dynasty Ganga Suryavamshi |
| Sacred Contexts | Hindu temples Shaivite temples Shakta temples Hindu Temple Hindu Temples Shaiva shrines Shakta shrines Shaiva temples Vaishnava temples Shiva temples Durga temples Royal patronage Shakti temples Shaiva Vaishnava Shakta |
|---|---|
| Associated Deities | Shiva Shakti Surya Jagannath Durga Vishnu Yogini Devi Shiva (Lingaraja) Vishnu (Jagannath) Shakti (Durga, Chamunda) Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha |
| Primary Materials | Laterite Sandstone |
|---|---|
| Architectural Features | Rekha Deula Pidha Deula Khakhara Deula Deula Jagmohan Rekha Deul Pidha Deul Khakhara Deul Natamandira Bhoga Mandapa Amalaka Gandi Mastaka Rekha Deula (curvilinear tower) Pidha Deula (pyramidal roof) Khakhara Deula (oblong shrine) Jagamohana (assembly hall) Deul Pancharatha plan Elevated platform (Pitha) Circular plan Hypaethral design Intricate carvings Kalasha Jagamohan Jagmohan (assembly hall) Nata-mandira (dance hall) Bhoga-mandapa (offering hall) Rekha deula Pidha deula Khakhara deula Rekha deul Pidha deul Khakhara deul Deul (temple) Natamandira (dance hall) Deul (sanctum) Gajasimha motifs Elevated platform Rekha Deul (curvilinear spire) Pidha Deul (pyramidal roof) Khakhara Deul (oblong shrine) Bhoga Mandapa (offering hall) Amlaka Jagamohana Ratha-paga Jaga Mohan Elevated sanctuary Curvilinear tower Pitha (elevated platform) Nata-Mandira Bhoga-Mandira Bhogamandapa Bhoga-Mandap Curvilinear shikhara Jagati Vimana Rekha deula (curvilinear tower) Pidha deula (pyramidal structure) Khakhara deula (oblong shrine) Nata Mandira Bhoga Mandira Ratha |
| Keywords | Deula Jagmohan Kalinga Temple Odisha Temple Rekha Pidha Khakhara Odisha Temple Odisha temple architecture Jagamohana Odisha architecture Pancharatha Kalingan Odisha temple Kalinga Deul Nagara Odisha temples Jagannath Sculptural Ornamentation Pida Vaitala Jagamohan Temple Architecture Deula architecture Temple architecture Hindu temple Rekha Deul Pidha Deul Odisha Temple Architecture Gajasimha Khakhara Deul Amlaka Hindu Temple Shikhara Hindu architecture Odisha Style Ratha Pitha Odishan temple Nagara Substyle Rekha Deula Pidha Deula Orissan Temple Gandi Amalaka Kalasha Rekha deul Sandstone Hindu Curvilinear Jagati Kalingan temple Mastaka Orissan temple architecture Konark Kalinga temple architecture Anga-shikharas Amla-shila Kalinga temple Nagara sub-style |
|---|
| Title | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Temples of Orissa: The Study of a Sub-style | Book | Comprehensive study of Kalinga temple architecture. |
| The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent | Book | Provides context for Kalinga style within broader Indian architectural traditions. |
| Debala Mitra, 'Orissa' | Book | Comprehensive overview of Orissan art and architecture. |
| Debala Mitra, 'Bronzes from Achutrajpur' | Book | Comprehensive study of Kalinga art and architecture. |
| The Temples of Orissa | book | Comprehensive overview of Kalinga temple architecture |
| Orissan Architecture | book | Detailed study of the architectural features |
| Debala Mitra, 'Bhubaneswar' | Book | Comprehensive overview of Bhubaneswar temples. |
| Temples of Orissa | book | |
| Early temples of Orissa | article | Details on the evolution of the style. |
| Art and Architecture of the Kalachuris | book | Explores the influence of Kalachuri dynasty on temple architecture. |
| Debala Mitra, 'Bronzes from Achutrajpur, Orissa' | book | Comprehensive study of Orissan art and architecture. |
| History of the Art of Orissa | Book | Detailed study of Kalinga art and architecture. |
| The Art and Architecture of Orissa | Book | Comprehensive study of Kalinga temple architecture. |
| History of the Art in Orissa | Book | Comprehensive study of Kalinga temple architecture. |
| Debala Mitra, 'Konarak' | book | Comprehensive study of the Konark Sun Temple. |
| Art and Architecture of the Kalinga | Book | Detailed study of Kalinga temple architecture. |
| Art and Architecture of the Somavamsis of Orissa | Book | Focuses on the Somavamshi period. |
| Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation | Book | Comprehensive overview of temple styles. |
| Debala Mitra, 'Orissa' (Archaeological Survey of India) | book | Comprehensive overview of Orissan temple architecture. |