Phanom Rung Historical Park Buri Ram

Excavations revealed multiple construction phases, foundation systems, and evidence of ritual deposits including bronze objects and ceramics. The site yielded important inscriptions in Sanskrit and Khmer providing historical context.

Major restoration 1971-1988 using anastylosis (dismantling and reconstruction); structural stabilization; lintel and pediment conservation; drainage system improvements; visitor facilities added. ([1][2])

Fine Arts Department of Thailand

Construction began with site preparation on the volcanic cone, involving extensive terracing and leveling to create the temple platform. The foundation system utilized laterite blocks laid in courses, with deeper foundations for the main prasat reaching bedrock. Sandstone blocks were quarried from nearby sources and transported using elephants and log rollers, then precisely cut using iron chisels and wooden mallets. The corbelled vaulting technique characteristic of Khmer architecture was employed for interior chambers, with each course slightly overhanging the one below until meeting at the apex. Mortar was minimal, relying instead on precise stone fitting and gravity. The pink sandstone used for decorative elements was carved on-site after placement, allowing for intricate bas-relief work. The naga balustrades were carved from single blocks of sandstone, requiring exceptional skill to achieve the serpentine forms. The temple’s alignment was achieved through astronomical observation, with the east-west axis precisely oriented to capture equinoctial sunrise. ([1][2])

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The structural system employs load-bearing masonry walls constructed from laterite blocks, with sandstone used for decorative and load-critical elements. The main prasat utilizes corbelled vaulting, where each horizontal course of stone projects slightly beyond the one below, creating a false arch that distributes loads through compression. The foundation system consists of stepped laterite platforms that distribute loads across the volcanic cone’s surface, with deeper foundations for the central tower reaching stable bedrock. The naga balustrades function as both decorative and structural elements, providing lateral stability to the walkway. The cruciform gopuras employ post-and-lintel construction with massive sandstone lintels spanning doorways. The library structures utilize barrel vaulting techniques adapted from corbelled construction. Drainage systems integrated into the platform design channel rainwater away from foundations, preventing erosion. The temple’s alignment required precise surveying techniques, likely using gnomon shadows and astronomical observations to achieve the equinoctial alignment. ([1][2])

14.532500, 102.940300

{"notes":"Steep climb to temple complex; wear comfortable shoes; respect sacred areas.","restrooms":"Available at visitor center.","wheelchair_accessible":"Limited; steep pathways and steps throughout complex."}

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Early morning (6:00-9:00 AM) for best lighting and fewer crowds; April during Phanom Rung Festival for equinox sunrise phenomenon; dry season (November-March) for comfortable weather.

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Respect sacred areas; no climbing on structures; follow designated pathways; maintain quiet in temple areas.

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2025-11-09T08:48:50.849649+00:00

2025-11-09T13:42:35.467+00:00