Khao Phra Viharn Sisaket

Khao Phra Viharn, also known as Preah Vihear, located on the Dangrek Mountain range along the Thailand-Cambodia border in Sisaket Province, represents one of the most spectacular and architecturally significant Khmer temple complexes, constructed primarily in the 11th century CE during the reigns of Suryavarman I and Suryavarman II. The temple complex, dedicated to Shiva, is uniquely positioned on a cliff edge at 525 meters above sea level, creating a dramatic architectural expression that integrates natural topography with religious symbolism. The complex spans approximately 800 meters along a north-south axis, accessed via a series of five gopuras and causeways that ascend the mountain, each representing a stage in the journey to the sacred summit. The main sanctuary, constructed from gray sandstone and laterite, features elaborate lintels and pediments depicting scenes from Hindu mythology, including the churning of the ocean of milk, Shiva’s cosmic dance, and various deities. The temple’s architectural style represents the transition from Baphuon to Angkor Wat periods, with distinctive features including false windows, devata carvings, and sophisticated stone carving techniques. The complex includes libraries, ponds, numerous subsidiary shrines, and a unique long gallery connecting the gopuras. The temple has been the subject of border disputes between Thailand and Cambodia, with the International Court of Justice ruling in 1962 that the temple belongs to Cambodia, though Thailand provides access routes. The site underwent restoration in the 20th century and was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008. Today, Khao Phra Viharn remains one of the most important Khmer temples, attracting visitors for its spectacular location, architectural significance, and historical importance. ([1][2])