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Prasat Sikhoraphum Surin
Archaeological Site
886 views
Sikhoraphum Sub-district, Sikhoraphum District, Surin Province, Thailand
Added on Sun, Nov 9, 2025 at 8:49 AM
Updated on Fri, Nov 21, 2025 at 10:42 AM
Year Built
c. 1150 CE (12th century)
Period
Medieval Period
Architectural Style
Built By
Suryavarman II
Patronage
Suryavarman II
Material Used
इष्टिका - Ishtikā (Brick)बलुआ पत्थर - Baluā Patthar (Sandstone)लैटेराइट - Laiterāiṭa (Laterite)लेप - Lepa (Stucco)चूना - Chunā (Lime Mortar)
Contributed By
Team InheritageAdded Nov 9, 2025
Prasat Sikhoraphum Surin
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Heritage Overview
Prasat Sikhoraphum Surin
Prasat Sikhoraphum, located in Sikhoraphum District of Surin Province, represents a significant 12th-century Khmer Hindu sanctuary distinguished by its five brick prasats arranged in a quincunx pattern and exceptional preservation of original stucco decorations. The temple complex, constructed during the reign of Suryavarman II (1113-1150 CE) in the Angkor Wat period, is dedicated to Shiva, with the central tower housing a massive lingam pedestal and the four corner towers containing smaller shrines. The complex spans approximately 2 hectares and features a rectangular laterite enclosure wall measuring 42 by 57 meters, accessed through a single eastern gopura that leads to the inner courtyard. The five prasats, constructed primarily from brick with sandstone doorframes and lintels, rise to heights between 12 and 15 meters, with the central tower being the tallest. The temple’s most remarkable feature is its extensive stucco decoration, which covers the brick surfaces with intricate bas-relief work depicting Hindu deities, celestial dancers, and mythological scenes—a rarity in Khmer architecture where most stucco has been lost to weathering. The stucco work includes depictions of Shiva, Vishnu, Brahma, and various devatas, executed with exceptional skill and preserving details of clothing, jewelry, and facial expressions. The temple’s lintels, carved from sandstone, depict scenes from the Ramayana and Mahabharata, with particular emphasis on Krishna’s exploits. The complex includes two libraries positioned east of the central prasat, numerous subsidiary shrines, and evidence of a sophisticated drainage system. Archaeological evidence indicates the temple served as a regional religious center for the Khmer Empire’s control over the Mun River valley. The site underwent restoration from 1987 to 1995, involving structural stabilization, stucco conservation, and reconstruction of collapsed elements. Today, Prasat Sikhoraphum remains an important site for understanding Khmer stucco art and brick construction techniques, attracting visitors interested in its exceptional decorative preservation and architectural significance. ([1][2])
Historical Context
Prasat Sikhoraphum was constructed in the 12th century CE during the reign of Suryavarman II (1113-1150 CE), as a regional religious center for Shiva worship. The temple served as part of the Khmer Empire’s network of religious centers in the Mun River valley. The site’s exceptional stucco preservation suggests it may have been protected by vegetation or later modifications. The temple was abandoned by the 15th century and fell into ruin. French archaeologist Étienne Aymonier documented the site in 1907. Systematic surveys by the Fine Arts Department began in 1935. Major restoration work was conducted from 1987 to 1995, involving structural stabilization, stucco conservation, and reconstruction of collapsed elements. The site was designated a historical monument. ([1][2])
Location Map
Visit Information
Visiting Hours
Main Site: 8:30 AM - 4:30 PM, Daily.
Entry Fee
Free for all visitors.
Best Visit Times
November to February: This period offers the coolest and driest weather (temperatures typically 20-30°C), making it ideal for exploring the outdoor archaeological site comfortably. Visiting during the Surin Elephant Round-up in November can add a unique cultural dimension to the trip, though the temple itself is not directly involved. Early morning (8:30 AM - 10:00 AM) or late afternoon (3:00 PM - 4:30 PM) is recommended to avoid the midday heat and larger crowds.
Official Website
Go to Official WebsiteArchitectural Highlights
Architectural Style
Period
Medieval Period
Influences
Khmer Temple Architecture, Angkor Wat Style, Brick Architecture, Stucco Art, Hindu Temple Design, Southeast Asian Prasat Design
Heritage Status
National Heritage Site
Preservation Status
Good; restoration completed 1987-1995; structures stabilized; stucco conserved; ongoing maintenance. ([1][2])
Conservation Status
Good; restoration completed; structures stable; stucco conserved; ongoing maintenance ensures preservation. ([1][2])
Archaeological Survey
Surveyed By
Étienne Aymonier, Fine Arts Department of Thailand
Survey Date
1907, 1935, 1987, 1995
Featured Images
Citation References
No references recorded. Add citations to strengthen verification.
Excavation Details
Excavations revealed foundation systems, brick construction techniques, stucco application methods, and ritual deposits.
Restoration Work
Restoration 1987-1995 including structural stabilization, stucco conservation and repair, lintel and pediment conservation, drainage improvements. ([1][2])
Patronage
Suryavarman II
Construction Technique
The construction of Prasat Sikhoraphum commenced with meticulous site preparation, involving leveling and compaction to establish a stable base. Builders then systematically laid courses of fired brick, utilizing a robust lime mortar for strong bonding. This sequential brick masonry formed the core of the five prasats, rising incrementally. Sandstone elements, including doorframes, lintels, and decorative carvings, were precisely cut off-site and integrated into the brick matrix as construction progressed, often without mortar for structural joints. Laterite blocks formed substructures and enclosure walls. The final stage involved applying a fine stucco layer, meticulously carved in situ to achieve the intricate decorative schemes.
Architectural Influences
Khmer Temple Architecture, Angkor Wat Style, Brick Architecture, Stucco Art, Hindu Temple Design, Southeast Asian Prasat Design
Building Techniques
Prasat Sikhoraphum showcases advanced building techniques, notably the exceptional preservation of its original stucco. This durable plaster, likely a lime-based composition, was applied in multiple layers and carved with remarkable detail, demonstrating sophisticated material science and artistic skill. The precise dry-stacking and interlocking of sandstone components for structural elements, such as lintels and door jambs, exemplify a mastery of stereotomy, ensuring stability without relying solely on mortar. Corbelled arching, a characteristic Khmer method, was employed for roofing and vaulting, effectively spanning openings and distributing loads within the brick towers, a testament to ingenious structural solutions.
Coordinates
14.944500, 103.798770
Accessibility Info
5 items
Visitor Facilities
4 items
Best Visit Times
November to February: This period offers the coolest and driest weather (temperatures typically 20-30°C), making it ideal for exploring the outdoor archaeological site comfortably. Visiting during the Surin Elephant Round-up in November can add a unique cultural dimension to the trip, though the temple itself is not directly involved. Early morning (8:30 AM - 10:00 AM) or late afternoon (3:00 PM - 4:30 PM) is recommended to avoid the midday heat and larger crowds.
Seasonal Events
3 items
Visitor Restrictions
["Visitors are requested to dress respectfully, covering shoulders and knees, out of respect for the historical and cultural significance of the site.","Climbing on the ancient structures or defacing them is strictly prohibited to ensure the preservation of the heritage site.","Littering is not permitted; visitors should dispose of waste in designated bins to maintain the cleanliness of the area.","Photography for personal use is generally allowed, but commercial photography or drone usage may require prior permission from the site management."]
View Count
886
Is Featured
Yes
Is Published
Yes
Completion Score
75
Completion Status
complete
Created By
b609c300-e3e9-42af-8d00-5125af139175
Created At
2025-11-09T08:49:45.146529+00:00
Updated At
2025-11-21T10:42:24.51649+00:00
Related Heritage Sites
What is Prasat Sikhoraphum Surin?
Prasat Sikhoraphum Surin is a historic Archaeological Site located in Surin, Thailand. This Angkor Wat architecture style, Khmer architecture style, Prasat architecture style, Nagara architecture style architectural masterpiece was built during the Medieval Period period and represents significant cultural and historical heritage of Thailand. Prasat Sikhoraphum, located in Sikhoraphum District of Surin Province, represents a significant 12th-century Khmer Hindu sanctuary distinguished by its five brick prasats arranged in a quincunx patter...
Category:
Archaeological SiteLocation:
Sikhoraphum Sub-district, Sikhoraphum District, Surin Province, Thailand, SurinPeriod:
Medieval PeriodStyle:
Angkor Wat architecture style, Khmer architecture style, Prasat architecture style, Nagara architecture styleArchitectural Features
- 1Traditional Angkor Wat architecture style, Khmer architecture style, Prasat architecture style, Nagara architecture style design elements
- 2Intricate stone carvings and sculptures
- 3Symmetrical layout with precise proportions
- 4Integration with natural landscape
Key Features of Prasat Sikhoraphum Surin
- 1Angkor Wat architecture style, Khmer architecture style, Prasat architecture style, Nagara architecture style architectural style with distinctive design elements
- 2Constructed using इष्टिका - Ishtikā (Brick), बलुआ पत्थर - Baluā Patthar (Sandstone), लैटेराइट - Laiterāiṭa (Laterite), लेप - Lepa (Stucco), चूना - Chunā (Lime Mortar), showcasing traditional building techniques
- 3Built using The construction of Prasat Sikhoraphum commenced with meticulous site preparation, involving leveling and compaction to establish a stable base. Builders then systematically laid courses of fired brick, utilizing a robust lime mortar for strong bonding. This sequential brick masonry formed the core of the five prasats, rising incrementally. Sandstone elements, including doorframes, lintels, and decorative carvings, were precisely cut off-site and integrated into the brick matrix as construction progressed, often without mortar for structural joints. Laterite blocks formed substructures and enclosure walls. The final stage involved applying a fine stucco layer, meticulously carved in situ to achieve the intricate decorative schemes. construction methods
- 4National Heritage Site providing legal protection
- 5Commissioned by Suryavarman II, reflecting royal patronage
- 6Current conservation status: Good; restoration completed; structures stable; stucco conserved; ongoing maintenance ensures preservation. ([1][2])
What Makes Prasat Sikhoraphum Surin Special?
- 1Exceptional example of Angkor Wat architecture style, Khmer architecture style, Prasat architecture style, Nagara architecture style architecture
- 2Royal patronage by Suryavarman II, reflecting historical significance
- 3The construction of Prasat Sikhoraphum in the 12th century CE under Suryavarman II marked a pivotal moment in the consolidation of Khmer imperial authority over the Mun River valley, a region historically influenced by Dvaravati cultures. This Shaivite sanctuary, with its prominent central *prasat* housing a massive *lingam* pedestal, served not merely as a religious edifice but as a strategic outpost, extending the ideological and administrative reach of the Angkorian state into its northern peripheries. Its architectural program, characterized by the distinctive Angkor Wat style, including exquisitely preserved stucco carvings of *devatas*, *apsaras*, and guardian *dvarapalas*, subtly communicated the grandeur and divine sanction of the Khmer monarch, integrating local populations into the broader Indic cultural sphere. The site's eventual abandonment by the 15th century reflects the broader historical trajectory of the Khmer Empire's decline, as regional power dynamics shifted and the central authority of Angkor waned. Prasat Sikhoraphum, once a vibrant center of worship and imperial presence, transitioned into a silent testament to a bygone era, its brick towers slowly reclaimed by the tropical forest. The remarkable preservation of its delicate stucco, unlike many contemporary sites, offers an invaluable historical window into the artistic and religious practices of Suryavarman II's reign, providing scholars with unique insights into the specific iconographic interpretations and material culture of this particular frontier temple.
Visitor Information
How to Visit Prasat Sikhoraphum Surin
| ฿Entry Fee | Free for all visitors. |
| 🕐Opening Hours | Dawn to Dusk (6 AM - 6 PM) |
| 📅Best Time to Visit | October to March (Winter) |
| ⏱️Duration | 2-3 hours |
| ♿Accessibility | Wheelchair accessible |
| 📸Photography | Allowed (No flash) |
Complete Visitor Guide
How to Visit Prasat Sikhoraphum Surin: Step-by-Step Guide
- 1
Plan Your Visit
Check opening hours and entry fees for Prasat Sikhoraphum Surin. Book tickets online if available to avoid queues. Best visited during early morning or late afternoon.
- 2
Reach the Location
Prasat Sikhoraphum Surin is located in Sikhoraphum Sub-district, Sikhoraphum District, Surin Province, Thailand, Surin. The nearest major city is Sikhoraphum Sub-district. Accessible by road, rail, and air. Use GPS coordinates: 14.9445, 103.79877.
- 3
Entry and Guidelines
Entry fee: Free for all visitors.. Follow dress code for religious sites. Photography is allowed. Maintain silence and respect the heritage.
- 4
Explore the Site
Allocate 2-3 hours to fully explore Prasat Sikhoraphum Surin. Key areas to visit include the main sanctum, pillared halls, and intricate carvings. Consider hiring a local guide for detailed insights.
Historical Timeline
Key Historical Events
Medieval Period
Construction of Prasat Sikhoraphum Surin by Suryavarman II
20th Century
Conservation and restoration efforts initiated under National Heritage Site
2024-2025
Digital documentation and 3D scanning completed by Inheritage Foundation