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Bakong Temple, situated in the Roluos Group near Siem Reap, Cambodia, marks a pivotal example of early Khmer architecture, erected in 850 CE under King Indravarman I ([1][2]). This temple mountain, one of the first sandstone temples of the Khmer Empire, illustrates the profound influence of Indian Hindu Mount Meru cosmology on Southeast Asian temple design ([1]). Dedicated to Shiva, the temple underscores the transmission of Hindu religious traditions throughout the region ([1][3]).
Vastu Shastra principles, the ancient Indian science of architecture, are evident in the temple's layout, which embodies a five-tiered pyramid symbolizing Mount Meru, the universe's center in Hindu cosmology ([2][4]). Soaring to approximately 65 meters, the structure features a commanding central tower, surrounded by eight smaller towers arranged in a quincunx pattern, mirroring Indian Hindu temple planning ([1][5]). This arrangement is reminiscent of the Mandala principle, symbolizing cosmic order and balance.
Intricate carvings embellishing the walls and structures demonstrate the early Khmer artists' and architects' deep understanding of Indian Hindu iconography ([4][6]). These carvings often depicted scenes from Hindu epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata, reflecting the integration of Indian cultural narratives into Khmer artistic expression ([6]). Sandstone, laterite, and lime mortar were employed in its construction, displaying advanced engineering techniques prevalent during that era ([2][3]).
Archaeological findings suggest that Bakong served as the state temple of King Indravarman I, functioning as a major center for Shiva worship and royal ceremonies ([1][5]). The temple's architectural style reflects influences from the Pallava and early Chola dynasties of India, highlighting the significant impact of Indian civilization on Southeast Asian religious and architectural traditions ([3][4]). Its design showcases the adoption and adaptation of Indian architectural concepts, blending them with local Khmer artistic styles to create a unique and enduring monument.
Metal elements were also incorporated into the temple's construction, though less visibly than the stone components ([7]). These metallic elements, used for reinforcement and ornamentation, further attest to the sophisticated construction techniques employed during the 9th century, solidifying Bakong's place as a remarkable architectural achievement of the Khmer Empire ([7]).
Bakong Temple was constructed in the late 9th century CE by King Indravarman I. The temple served as the first major sandstone temple mountain. The temple was dedicated to Shiva. The site was inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage List in 1992. Ongoing restoration and conservation efforts continue. ([1][2])




Extensive archaeological excavations, documentation, structural analysis, and conservation work.
Archaeological excavations; documentation; structural stabilization; restoration of damaged sections; ongoing conservation. ([1][2])
King Indravarman I
Construction utilized sandstone blocks fitted together without mortar. The temple employed corbelled vaulting adapted from Indian temple architecture. The foundation system utilized compacted earth platforms. Decorative elements including sculptures were carved directly into sandstone. ([1][2])
Indian Hindu Temple Mountain Architecture, Indian Mount Meru Cosmology, Indian Shiva Temple Design, Khmer Temple Design, Indian Cosmological Planning
The structural system employs sandstone block construction with corbelled vaulting. The distinctive Khmer temple mountain form utilizes tiered pyramidal structure. ([1][2])
13.335870, 103.974100
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November to February: This period offers cooler and drier weather (20-30°C), making it ideal for exploring the temples comfortably. Early morning (7:30 AM - 9:00 AM) or late afternoon (4:00 PM - 5:30 PM) are recommended to avoid the midday heat and larger crowds. While not specific to Bakong, major Cambodian festivals like Khmer New Year (April) and Water Festival (November) offer unique cultural experiences in the broader Siem Reap area.
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["Modest dress code: Shoulders and knees must be covered when visiting all temples within the Angkor Archaeological Park, including Bakong, to show respect.","Respectful behavior: Visitors are expected to maintain silence, avoid touching ancient carvings, and refrain from climbing on fragile structures.","Photography is generally permitted, but flash photography may be restricted in certain areas, and it is respectful to ask permission before photographing monks or locals.","Littering is strictly prohibited within the temple complex and the entire Angkor Archaeological Park.","No smoking or consumption of alcohol is allowed within the temple premises."]
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2025-11-21T10:42:24.51649+00:00
Bakong Temple Roluos Group Cambodia is a historic Temple located in Siem Reap, Cambodia. This Nagara-Influenced Khmer architecture style, Mount Meru Temple architecture style, Nagara architecture style, Hindu Temple architecture style architectural masterpiece was built during the Medieval Period period and represents significant cultural and historical heritage of Cambodia. Bakong Temple, situated in the Roluos Group near Siem Reap, Cambodia, marks a pivotal example of early Khmer architecture, erected in 850 CE under King Indravarman I ([1][2]). This temple mountain, on...
| ៛Entry Fee | Free for all visitors. |
| 🕐Opening Hours | Dawn to Dusk (6 AM - 6 PM) |
| 📅Best Time to Visit | October to March (Winter) |
| ⏱️Duration | 2-3 hours |
| ♿Accessibility | Wheelchair accessible |
| 📸Photography | Allowed (No flash) |
Check opening hours and entry fees for Bakong Temple Roluos Group Cambodia. Book tickets online if available to avoid queues. Best visited during early morning or late afternoon.
Bakong Temple Roluos Group Cambodia is located in Bakong Temple, Roluos Group, Siem Reap Province, Cambodia, Siem Reap. The nearest major city is Bakong Temple. Accessible by road, rail, and air. Use GPS coordinates: 13.33587, 103.9741.
Entry fee: Free for all visitors.. Follow dress code for religious sites. Photography is allowed. Maintain silence and respect the heritage.
Allocate 2-3 hours to fully explore Bakong Temple Roluos Group Cambodia. Key areas to visit include the main sanctum, pillared halls, and intricate carvings. Consider hiring a local guide for detailed insights.
Construction of Bakong Temple Roluos Group Cambodia by King Indravarman I
Conservation and restoration efforts initiated under Not Listed
Digital documentation and 3D scanning completed by Inheritage Foundation