| Title | ताम्र कलश - Tāmra Kalasha (Copper Kalasha)ताम्र कलश Tāmra Kalasha |
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| Description | Tāmra Kalasha (Copper Kalasha) is a ritual pot made of copper (Tāmra), often placed atop temple structures. Copper has a density of 8.96 g/cm³ and a melting point of 1085°C. It is valued for its corrosion resistance and malleability. |
| Tags | ताम्र Tāmra Copper कलश Kalaśa Vessel Temple Kalasha Metal Ritual ताम्र कलश Tāmra Kalasha Finial Oxidation |
| Material ID | INHFMAT-495279666-20-11-25-TP |
| URI | https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/material/copper-kalasha |
| API Endpoint | https://inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/materials/copper-kalasha |
| Total Sites | 5 |
| Primary Sites | 4 |
| Created | November 20, 2025 |
| Last Updated | November 20, 2025 |
| Types | Metal Copper Alloy Non-Ferrous Metal |
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| Regions | Pan-Indian Pan-India |
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| Time Periods | Ancient times Medieval Period CE Ancient times - Present Ancient Period Ancient Medieval |
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| Dynasties | Chola Vijayanagara Various Gupta |
| Sources | Copper mines Local artisans Copper mines (e.g., Rajasthan) Metal workshops Copper mines in Rajasthan Copper workshops Copper mines (various locations) Artisan workshops |
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| Properties | Density: 8.96 g/cm³ Melting point: 1085°C Tensile strength: 220 MPa Thermal conductivity: 401 W/m·K Electrical conductivity: High Density: 8960 kg/m³ Melting point: 1085 °C Electrical conductivity: 5.96 x 10⁷ S/m Thermal conductivity: 401 W/mK |
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| Uses | Finial Decorative element Religious symbol Temple finials Ritual objects Decorative elements Water storage Finial element Ritual vessel Ritual vessels Finial element on temples Ritualistic vessel Finials Religious vessels Lightning conductors |
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| Materials | पीतल - Pītala (Brass) चांदी - Chāṁdī (Silver) पीतल - Pītal (Brass) चाँदी - Chāँdī (Silver) सोना - Sonā (Gold) चाँदी - Chāndī (Silver) पीतल - Pital (Brass) कांस्य - Kansya (Bronze) Gold leaf (for gilding) चूना - Chunā (Lime Mortar) (for securing) चाँदी - Chandi (Silver) Brass |
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| Styles | Temple architecture Dravidian architecture style Nagara architecture style |
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| Categories | Temple Religious structure Ritual object Shikhara Shrine |
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| Notes |
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| Title | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Indian Institute of Metals publications | Technical Report | Copper metallurgy and applications |
| Metal Crafts of India | Book | Traditional metalworking techniques |
| Metals in Indian Art and Architecture | Book | Copper usage in temples |
| Text on Hindu Temple Architecture | Book | Description of Kalasha placement |
| Metalwork in Ancient India | Book | Copper metallurgy and usage |
| Site Name | Status | Usage | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| London Sri Murugan Temple | Primary | 100% | |
| Sri Mahamariamman Temple Kuala Lumpur | Primary | 100% | |
| Sri Shakti Devasthanam Bukit Rotan Selangor | Primary | 100% | |
| Sri Subramaniar Temple Gunung Cheroh Ipoh Perak | Primary | 100% | |
| Shri Sanatan Hindu Mandir Wembley | Secondary | Flooring | 100% |