| Title | ज्वालामुखी शैल (Volcanic Rock)Rare Jvālāmukhī Śaila Volcanic Rock |
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| Description | Jwālāmukhī Shilā (ज्वालामुखी शिला), or Volcanic Rock, encompasses diverse extrusive igneous rocks utilized extensively in Indic heritage architecture [1]. Varied compositions, influenced by volcanic source, yield rocks like basalt and andesite. Physical properties such as density (2.3-3.3 g/cm³) and compressive strength (50-300 MPa) are highly variable. Traditional applications include foundation construction (शिला न्यासः), wall construction (भित्ति निर्माणम्), and paving. Historical usage is documented in structures built during the Sailendra Dynasty and Mataram Kingdom (8th-10th centuries CE) in regions like Java and Sumatra. Traditional quarries (खदान) provided the raw material. Durability depends on porosity, affecting weathering resistance. Conservation considerations involve addressing water ingress and salt efflorescence. Common Indic names include अग्नि पाषाणम् (Agni Pāṣāṇam) and अग्निजन्य शैल (Agnijanya Shaila). Restoration efforts require careful material matching and traditional construction techniques. |
| Also Known As | Volcanic Rock Jvālāmukhī Śaila Volcanic Rock Igneous Rock Extrusive Rock आग्नेय शैल अग्निजन्य शैल ज्वालामुखी पत्थर अग्नि पाषाणम् கொந்தளிப்பு பாறை (Kontalippu paarai) అగ్ని శిల (Agni shila) ಅಗ್ನಿ ಶಿಲೆ (Agni shile) അഗ്നി ശില (Agni shila) |
| Tags | Volcanic Rock Igneous Rock Extrusive Rock Java Construction Material |
| Material ID | INHFMAT-767442935-20-11-25-JL |
| URI | https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/material/volcanic-rock |
| API Endpoint | https://www.inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/materials/volcanic-rock |
| Total Sites | 1 |
| Primary Sites | 0 |
| Created | November 20, 2025 |
| Last Updated | November 28, 2025 |
| Types | Extrusive Igneous Rock Volcanic Rock |
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| Regions | Indonesia Java Sumatra |
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| Time Periods | 8th Century CE 9th Century CE 10th Century CE |
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| Dynasties | Sailendra Dynasty Mataram Kingdom |
| Sources | Mount Merapi Mount Bromo Volcanic regions of Java |
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| Properties | Density: 2.3-3.3 g/cm³ (variable) Porosity: 0.1-50% (highly variable) Thermal conductivity: 0.8-4 W/mK (variable) Compressive strength: 50-300 MPa (variable) |
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| Uses | Foundation construction Wall construction Paving Sculptural elements Temple construction |
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| Materials | Lime Mortar Volcanic Ash |
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| Styles | Javanese Temple Architecture |
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| Categories | Temple Monument |
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| Notes |
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| Site Name | Status | Usage | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prambanan Temple Compounds Yogyakarta | Secondary | 100% |