टाइल्स - Ṭāils (Tiles) | Inheritage Foundation Art & Architecture Thesaurus | Inheritage Foundation

Title	टाइल्स - Ṭāils (Tiles) टाइल्स Ṭāils
Description	Ceramic or concrete tiles used for flooring and cladding. Ceramic tiles have low porosity (0.5-3%), while concrete tiles have higher porosity (5-15%). Fired at temperatures between 1000-1300°C for ceramic types.
Tags	खपरैल Khaprail Tiles Clay Roofing Ceramic Roof Tiles Firing टाइल्स Ṭāils Concrete Flooring Cladding Porcelain Vitrified
Material ID	`INHFMAT-280002525-20-11-25-II`
URI	https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/material/tiles
API Endpoint	`https://inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/materials/tiles`
Total Sites	4
Primary Sites	4
Created	November 20, 2025
Last Updated	November 20, 2025

Material Types

Types	Ceramic Fired Clay Concrete Porcelain Earthenware Ceramic Tiles Vitrified Tiles Porcelain Tiles Cementitious

Regions	Kerala Tamil Nadu West Bengal Goa Karnataka Jammu and Kashmir Pan-Indian Pan-India (Modern Construction)

Time Periods	Medieval Period CE Modern Period CE Colonial Period 20th Century CE 21st Century CE
Dynasties	Vijayanagara Empire Nayaka Dynasty

Sources	Local tile factories Local clay pits Tile factories Tile factories in India Tile factories across India Local tile manufacturers

Properties	Water absorption: 5-15% Flexural strength: 5-15 MPa Firing temperature: 900-1100°C Density: 1.8-2.2 g/cm³ Porosity: 15-25% Compressive strength: 20-40 MPa Water absorption: 10-20% Porosity (Ceramic): 0.5-3% Porosity (Concrete): 5-15% Water absorption (Ceramic): <0.5% Flexural strength (Ceramic): 20-40 MPa Water absorption: <0.5% (ceramic), <0.1% (porcelain) Flexural strength: 20-40 MPa Thermal expansion coefficient: 6-9 x 10⁻⁶ /°C Hardness: Varies based on material Water absorption: <0.5% (vitrified), 3-15% (ceramic) Abrasion resistance: Varies depending on type Water absorption: 0.5-3% Thermal conductivity: 1-2 W/mK

Water absorption: 5-15%

Flexural strength: 5-15 MPa

Firing temperature: 900-1100°C

Density: 1.8-2.2 g/cm³

Porosity: 15-25%

Compressive strength: 20-40 MPa

Water absorption: 10-20%

Porosity (Ceramic): 0.5-3%

Porosity (Concrete): 5-15%

Water absorption (Ceramic): <0.5%

Flexural strength (Ceramic): 20-40 MPa

Water absorption: <0.5% (ceramic), <0.1% (porcelain)

Flexural strength: 20-40 MPa

Thermal expansion coefficient: 6-9 x 10⁻⁶ /°C

Hardness: Varies based on material

Water absorption: <0.5% (vitrified), 3-15% (ceramic)

Abrasion resistance: Varies depending on type

Water absorption: 0.5-3%

Thermal conductivity: 1-2 W/mK

Uses	Roofing Cladding Paving Flooring Wall cladding Decorative elements

Materials	काष्ठ - Kāshtha (Wood) चूना - Chunā (Lime Mortar) रेती - Retī (Sand) सीमेंट - Sīmeṇṭa (Cement) सीमेंट - Sīmeṇṭ (Cement) चूना - Chunā (Lime) ग्रौट - Grauṭ (Grout) कंक्रीट - Kankreet (Concrete)

Styles	Kerala architecture style Bengal architecture style Goan architecture Mangalore tile roofs Modern architecture Modern Architecture integrated with traditional styles

Categories	Residential buildings Temples Temple Church Modern additions to heritage sites Temple (modern) Commercial buildings Monastery

Notes	Susceptible to cracking due to thermal stress Algae and moss growth Requires periodic cleaning and replacement Susceptible to cracking Requires regular inspection Prone to moss growth Cracking due to thermal stress Efflorescence due to salt migration Delamination of surface coatings Grout degradation Staining Susceptible to cracking due to impact Grout can deteriorate over time Requires regular cleaning to maintain appearance Grout can deteriorate and allow water penetration Efflorescence can occur on concrete tiles

Notes

Title	Type	Notes
Traditional Tile Manufacturing	Technical Report	Tile production techniques
IS 15622:2017	Indian Standard	Ceramic Tiles - Specification

Site Name	Status	Confidence
Shivkhori Cave Shrine Ransoo	Primary	100%
Shree Hanuman Mandir Aizawl	Primary	100%
The Hindu Temple Dimapur	Primary	100%
Tsuk La Khang Monastery Gangtok	Primary	100%