लाल बलुआ पत्थर - Lāl Baluā Patthar (Red Sandstone) | Inheritage Foundation Art & Architecture Thesaurus | Inheritage Foundation

Title	लाल बलुआ पत्थर - Lāl Baluā Patthar (Red Sandstone) लाल बलुआ पत्थर Lāl Baluā Patthar
Description	लाल बलुआ पत्थर - Lāl Baluā Patthar (Red Sandstone) is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized grains of quartz, feldspar, and iron oxides, giving it a reddish color. Porosity ranges from 5-15%, with compressive strength between 20-70 MPa.
Tags	बलुआ पत्थर Baluā Patthar Red Sandstone Sandstone Rajasthan Mughal Karauli Dholpur Quarry Masonry Red Stone Fort Fatehpur Sikri Lāl Baluā Patthar Quartz Arenite Sedimentary Rock लाल बलुआ पत्थर Agra Iron Oxide Quartz Sedimentary
Material ID	`INHFMAT-830874825-20-11-25-LA`
URI	https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/material/red-sandstone
API Endpoint	`https://inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/materials/red-sandstone`
Total Sites	6
Primary Sites	4
Created	November 20, 2025
Last Updated	November 20, 2025

Material Types

Types	Sedimentary Rock Arenaceous Rock Arenite Clastic Rock Quartz Arenite Feldspathic Sandstone Iron Oxide Sandstone

Regions	Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Punjab Delhi Maharashtra Gujarat

Time Periods	Mughal Period (16th-18th century CE) Rajput Period Mughal Period CE Rajput Period CE Gupta Period CE Mughal Period Medieval Period CE
Dynasties	Mughal Dynasty Rajput Dynasties Mughal Rajput Rajput clans Yadava Dynasty Solanki dynasty

Sources	Karauli quarries (Rajasthan) Dholpur quarries (Rajasthan) Karauli quarries Dholpur quarries Fathepur Sikri quarries Agra quarries Jodhpur region quarries Fatehpur Sikri quarries Rajasthan Sandstone Quarries (e.g., Dholpur, Karauli) Agra Sandstone Deposits specific geographic sources Rajasthan quarries Local Maharashtra quarries Nearby quarries in Gujarat

Properties	Compressive strength: 30-60 MPa Density: 2.2-2.6 g/cm³ Porosity: 5-15% Thermal expansion coefficient: 10-12 x 10⁻⁶/°C Thermal expansion coefficient: 12 x 10^-6 /°C Porosity: 10-20% Thermal expansion coefficient: 12 x 10⁻⁶/°C Density: 2.65 g/cm³ Thermal expansion coefficient: 12 x 10⁻⁶ /°C Density: 2.6-2.8 g/cm³ Compressive strength: 20-70 MPa Mineral Composition: Quartz, Feldspar, Iron Oxides Water absorption: 3-7% Density: 2.3-2.7 g/cm³ Compressive strength: 30-80 MPa Porosity: 3-15% Iron oxide content: 2-5% Compressive strength: 30-70 MPa Water absorption: 2-5% Grain size: 0.1-2 mm

Compressive strength: 30-60 MPa

Density: 2.2-2.6 g/cm³

Porosity: 5-15%

Thermal expansion coefficient: 10-12 x 10⁻⁶/°C

Thermal expansion coefficient: 12 x 10^-6 /°C

Porosity: 10-20%

Thermal expansion coefficient: 12 x 10⁻⁶/°C

Density: 2.65 g/cm³

Thermal expansion coefficient: 12 x 10⁻⁶ /°C

Density: 2.6-2.8 g/cm³

Compressive strength: 20-70 MPa

Mineral Composition: Quartz, Feldspar, Iron Oxides

Water absorption: 3-7%

Density: 2.3-2.7 g/cm³

Compressive strength: 30-80 MPa

Porosity: 3-15%

Iron oxide content: 2-5%

Compressive strength: 30-70 MPa

Water absorption: 2-5%

Grain size: 0.1-2 mm

Uses	Facing stones Load-bearing walls Arches Jalis (screens) Paving Decorative carvings Jalis (lattice screens) Decorative facades Cladding Decorative arches Jalis Jharokha (enclosed balcony) construction Paving stones Pillars Load-bearing walls in lower stories Wall Cladding Decorative Carvings Decorative elements Jalis (Screens) Jali screens Wall facing Wall cladding

Materials	चूना - Chunā (Lime Mortar) सुरखी - Surkhi (Brick Dust) कंकड़ - Kankar (Lime Nodules) लोहा - Lohā (Iron) (for dowels and clamps) Jaggery Water ईंट - Īnt (Brick)

Styles	Mughal architecture style Indo-Islamic architecture style Rajput architecture style Mughal Architecture Rajput Architecture Hemadpanti architecture Māru-Gurjara architecture

Categories	Fort Palace Tomb Mosque Temple Mausoleum Gateways Tombs

Notes	Susceptible to weathering due to salt crystallization Requires breathable lime-based consolidants Erosion due to wind and water Susceptible to iron oxide leaching Requires consolidation treatments Sensitive to acid rain Susceptible to weathering Erosion due to wind and rain Susceptible to weathering and erosion Salt crystallization can cause surface damage Susceptible to salt crystallization Requires breathable lime mortars Treatment with consolidants Requires regular cleaning to prevent staining Susceptible to weathering due to porosity Salt crystallization can cause disintegration Salt efflorescence Prone to salt efflorescence Avoid harsh chemical cleaners Susceptible to salt crystallization due to porosity Bioremediation for algae and lichen growth Prone to iron oxide staining Susceptible to salt weathering Requires protection from water ingress Consolidation with silicate-based treatments Iron oxide staining Weathering due to pollution Biological growth Erosion Salt crystallization Erosion from wind and rain Susceptible to erosion due to wind and rain Iron oxide can leach out, causing staining

Notes

Title	Type	Notes
Geology of Rajasthan	Geological Survey	Sandstone formations
Building Stones of India	Book	Geological survey report
ASI Technical Bulletin	Technical Report	Material analysis of red sandstone in Mughal monuments
Geological Survey of India Reports	Geological Survey	Sandstone analysis
Building Stones of India	Book	Sandstone properties and uses
ASI Technical Bulletin	Technical Report	Sandstone conservation
Geology of Rajasthan	Book	Sandstone formations
GSI Reports	Geological Survey	Sandstone characterization

Site Name	Status	Confidence
Birla Mandir Hyderabad	Primary	100%
Dagdusheth Ganpati Temple Pune	Primary	100%
Grishneshwar Temple Verul	Primary	100%
Somnath Temple Veraval	Primary	100%
Bidar Fort Bidar	Secondary	100%
City Palace Jaipur	Secondary	100%