| Title | चूना पत्थर फलक आवरण (Limestone Cladding)Rare Cūnā Patthar Phalak Āvaraṇ Limestone Cladding |
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| Description | चूना पत्थर आवरण (Chūnā Patthar Āvaraṇ), or limestone cladding, is a sedimentary rock primarily composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) [1]. Its geological origin is often biogenic, formed from accumulated marine organisms. Density ranges from 2.5-2.7 g/cm³, compressive strength varies from 20-150 MPa, porosity from 5-20%, and water absorption from 1-5%, influencing durability. Traditionally sourced from quarries across Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh, its use is documented in Indic heritage architecture from the medieval and Mughal periods. The Rajput and Mughal dynasties extensively employed it in structures like forts and palaces. As a *Shila Āvaraṇ* (शिला आवरण - stone cladding), it served as both decorative and protective *phalak* (फलक - facing). Conservation requires understanding its *ksharan* (क्षरण - degradation) mechanisms, including acid rain and salt weathering. Restoration employs techniques like *vajralepa* (वज्रलेप - lime mortar) [2, 3]. |
| Also Known As | Limestone Cladding Cūnā Patthar Phalak Āvaraṇ Limestone Cladding Limestone Facing Limestone Veneer Limestone Panel Cladding चूना पत्थर आवरण चूना पत्थर फलक चूना पत्थर पट्टिका आवरण चूना पत्थर शिला आवरण சுண்ணாம்புக்கல் உறைப்பூச்சு (Tamil) సున్నపురాయి పూత (Telugu) ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಹೊದಿಕೆ (Kannada) சுண்ணாம்புக்கல் கவச உறை (Tamil - alternative) సున్నపురాయి కవచ పూత (Telugu - alternative) ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಕವಚ ಹೊದಿಕೆ (Kannada - alternative) |
| Tags | Limestone Cladding Sedimentary Rock Quarry Stone Natural Building Material |
| Material ID | INHFMAT-713632559-20-11-25-CN |
| URI | https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/material/limestone-cladding |
| API Endpoint | https://inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/materials/limestone-cladding |
| Total Sites | 1 |
| Primary Sites | 0 |
| Created | November 20, 2025 |
| Last Updated | November 28, 2025 |
| Types | Sedimentary Rock Natural Stone Cladding Material |
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| Regions | Rajasthan Gujarat Madhya Pradesh |
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| Time Periods | Medieval Period Mughal Period |
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| Dynasties | Rajput Dynasty Mughal Dynasty |
| Sources | Rajasthan quarries Katni quarries |
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| Properties | Density: 2.5-2.7 g/cm³ Compressive Strength: 20-150 MPa Porosity: 5-20% Water Absorption: 1-5% |
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| Uses | Exterior Wall Cladding Interior Wall Facing Decorative Architectural Elements Paving Material |
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| Materials | Chuna (Lime Mortar) Surkhi (Brick Dust) |
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| Styles | Indo-Islamic Architecture Rajput Architecture |
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| Categories | Temple Palace Fort |
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| Notes |
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| Site Name | Status | Usage | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sri Venkateswara (Balaji) Temple Tividale | Secondary | 100% |