| Title | ईंट - Īṇṭa (Clay Bricks)ईंट Īṇṭa |
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| Description | Īṇṭa (Clay Bricks) are made from clay, fired at temperatures between 900-1100°C. They have a compressive strength of 3.5-35 MPa, density of 1.6-2.2 g/cm³, and porosity of 15-25%, depending on the firing process and clay composition. |
| Tags | ईंट Īṇṭ Brick Clay Brick Burnt Clay Kiln Clay Terracotta Bricks Īṇṭa Fired Masonry Ceramic Vellore Fort |
| Material ID | INHFMAT-862861835-20-11-25-AL |
| URI | https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/material/clay-bricks |
| API Endpoint | https://inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/materials/clay-bricks |
| Total Sites | 2 |
| Primary Sites | 2 |
| Created | November 20, 2025 |
| Last Updated | November 20, 2025 |
| Types | Ceramic Clay Artificial Stone Manufactured |
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| Regions | Indus Valley Civilization Gangetic Plains Across India Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Punjab Haryana Tamil Nadu Alluvial plains of India |
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| Time Periods | 3300 BCE (Indus Valley) Ancient Period Medieval Period Modern Period Indus Valley Civilization Medieval Period CE Gupta Period 16th century CE Pre-colonial |
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| Dynasties | Indus Valley Civilization Maurya Gupta Mughal Vijayanagara Empire |
| Sources | Clay deposits near riverbeds Brick kilns in various regions Specific geographic sources Local brick kilns Local brick kilns using alluvial clay deposits Local brick kilns near Vellore Clay deposits |
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| Properties | Compressive strength: 3.5-35 MPa (depending on grade) Water absorption: 5-20% Density: 1600-2200 kg/m³ Firing temperature: 900-1100°C Compressive strength: 5-35 MPa Water absorption: 10-20% Density: 1.6-2.0 g/cm³ Thermal conductivity: 0.6-0.8 W/mK Compressive strength: 3.5-35 MPa Density: 1.6-2.2 g/cm³ Porosity: 15-25% Compressive strength: 3.5-14 MPa |
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| Uses | Load-bearing walls Partition walls Pavements Arches Vaults Paving Vaulted roofs Wall construction Vaulting |
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| Materials | चूना - Chunā (Lime Mortar) सुरखी - Surkhi (Brick Dust) Cement mortar मिट्टी - Mitti (Mud) |
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| Styles | Indo-Islamic architecture British colonial architecture Vernacular architecture Indo-Islamic architecture style Bengal architecture style Bengal terracotta temples Vijayanagara architecture style |
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| Categories | Residential buildings Forts Temples Stepwells Fort Temple Residential Buildings House Stupa Wall Arch |
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| Notes |
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| Title | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| IS 1077:1992 | Indian Standard | Common burnt clay building bricks - Specification |
| Ancient Indian Bricks | Book | History and technology |
| ASI Technical Bulletin | Technical Report | Material analysis |
| Traditional Indian Building Materials and Techniques | Book | Brick manufacturing and properties |
| Site Name | Status | Usage | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pahari Mandir Ranchi | Primary | 100% | |
| Vellore Fort Vellore | Primary | 100% |