| Title | सीमेंट (Cement)Rare Sīmeṇṭa Cement |
|---|---|
| Description | Sīmeṇṭa (सीमेंट), or cement, a modern *dṛḍhaka* (दृढ़क, binder), is a hydraulic binder primarily composed of calcium silicates, aluminates, and ferrites. Its fineness, measured by Blaine surface area, ranges from 225-350 m²/kg. Setting time is crucial, with initial set exceeding 30 minutes and final set under 10 hours. Compressive strength varies by grade, influencing its use in concrete production and mortar for masonry. Specific gravity is approximately 3.15, with a powder density of 1.44 g/cm³. While not traditionally used in ancient Indic architecture, its modern application in reinforcing heritage structures necessitates careful consideration. Conservation efforts must address potential incompatibility with traditional *cūrṇita śilā* (चूर्णित शिला, powdered stone) mortars. The Vicat apparatus [1] is used for testing setting times. Modern *sīmeṇṭa* is distinct from the lime-based mortars employed by dynasties throughout the subcontinent. Its use in heritage restoration requires expert assessment to prevent damage. |
| Also Known As | Cement Sīmeṇṭa Cement Portland Cement Hydraulic Cement सीमेंट सिमेंट दृढ़क चूर्णित शिला |
| Tags | सीमेंट Cement Portland Cement Hydraulic Cement Binder Concrete Mortar |
| Material ID | INHFMAT-867574066-20-11-25-SN |
| URI | https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/material/cement |
| API Endpoint | https://www.inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/materials/cement |
| Total Sites | 2 |
| Primary Sites | 1 |
| Created | November 20, 2025 |
| Last Updated | November 28, 2025 |
External References
Material Types
| Types | Binder Cementitious Material Hydraulic Binder Calcium Silicate Cement Artificial Material |
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Regions
| Regions | India |
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Historical Context
| Time Periods | 20th Century CE - Present |
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Geographic Sources
| Sources | Cement plants using limestone and clay Cement manufacturing plants across India Modern cement factories |
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Properties
| Properties | Fineness: Blaine surface area 225-350 m²/kg Setting time: Initial set > 30 minutes, final set < 10 hours Compressive strength: Varies by grade (e.g., 43 grade, 53 grade) Specific gravity: 3.15 Density: 1.44 g/cm³ (powder) Hydration heat: Varies with type Fineness: < 10% retained on 90 micron sieve |
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Common Uses
| Uses | Concrete production Mortar production Grouting Binding agent in concrete Mortar for masonry Plastering Foundation construction Structural reinforcement Repair material (with caution) |
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Related Materials
| Materials | कंक्रीट - Kankreet (Concrete) पानी - Pānī (Water) रेत - Ret (Sand) स्टील - Sṭīl (Steel) रोड़ी - Roṛī (Aggregate) सुरखी - Surkhi (Brick Dust) बजरी - Bajrī (Aggregate) |
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Related Styles
| Styles | Modern architecture Reinforced concrete structures |
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Related Categories
| Categories | Modern buildings Infrastructure Temple (modern additions) Residential buildings Modern Buildings Temple Modern construction Modern Construction Modern repairs |
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Conservation Notes
| Notes |
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Recommended Sources
| Title | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| IS 12269:2013 Ordinary Portland Cement, 53 Grade - Specification | Standard | Indian Standard for cement specification |
| IS 456:2000 | Standard | Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice |
| Indian Standard Codes for Cement | Standard | Cement specifications |
| Indian Standard Specifications for Cement | Standard | Cement properties and testing |
| IS 456: Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice | Standard | Indian Standard for concrete specifications |
| Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Codes | Standard | Cement specifications |
| IS 456:2000 | Indian Standard | Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice |
Heritage Sites (2)
| Site Name | Status | Usage | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sanghi Temple Hyderabad | Primary | 100% | |
| Dilwara Temples Mount Abu | Secondary | 100% |