| Title | इष्टिका - Ishtikā (Burnt Brick)इष्टिका Ishtikā |
|---|---|
| Description | इष्टिका - Ishtikā (Burnt Brick) is a common construction material, made from clay fired at 900-1100°C, resulting in compressive strength of 15-30 MPa and density of 1600-2200 kg/m³. Used for walls and pavements. |
| Tags | इष्टिका Ishtika Brick Clay Kiln Masonry Terracotta Ishtikā Firing |
| Material ID | INHFMAT-593581362-20-11-25-IB |
| URI | https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/material/burnt-brick |
| API Endpoint | https://inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/materials/burnt-brick |
| Total Sites | 3 |
| Primary Sites | 3 |
| Created | November 20, 2025 |
| Last Updated | November 20, 2025 |
| Types | Ceramic Artificial Stone Clay Product |
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| Regions | Haryana Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan Bengal West Bengal Assam Punjab Maharashtra |
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| Time Periods | Indus Valley Civilization (3300-1700 BCE) Mauryan Period (322-185 BCE) Gupta Period (320-550 CE) Medieval Period CE 3rd century BCE Ahom Dynasty Period Maratha Period |
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| Dynasties | Mauryan Gupta Kushan Delhi Sultanate Maurya Ahom Yadava Dynasty Maratha Empire Ahom Dynasty |
| Sources | Local clay deposits near riverbeds Brick kilns in Haryana Brick kilns in Uttar Pradesh Local clay pits near settlements Brick kilns near riverbeds Local clay pits near brick kilns Specific clay deposits along riverbanks Local clay pits near Pune Local clay pits near Sivasagar Brick kilns in Assam |
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| Properties | Compressive strength: 15-30 MPa Water absorption: 10-20% Density: 1600-2200 kg/m³ Thermal conductivity: 0.6-0.8 W/mK Compressive strength: 10-35 MPa Porosity: 15-25% Water absorption: 5-20% Compressive strength: 10-20 MPa Water absorption: 15-20% Density: 1.8-2.0 g/cm³ Firing temperature: 900-1000°C Thermal conductivity: 0.6-1.0 W/mK |
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| Uses | Load-bearing walls Pavements Vaulted roofs (with lime mortar) Well linings Vaults Arches Paving Vaulting Ornamental brickwork Wall construction Vaulted roofs Linings for water tanks |
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| Materials | चूना - Chunā (Lime Mortar) सुरखी - Surkhi (Brick Dust) कंकड़ - Kankar (Lime Nodules) Kāshtha (Timber) Kāshtha (Wood) |
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| Styles | Indo-Islamic architecture style Regional vernacular architecture Bengal Sultanate architecture Indo-Islamic architecture Bengal terracotta architecture Bengal architecture style Maratha architecture Deccan architecture Ahom architecture Bengal architecture |
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| Categories | Fort Temple Residential buildings Wells Stupa Residential Buildings Civil Architecture Palace |
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| Notes |
|
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| Title | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ancient Indian Bricks: A Study | Book | Technical analysis of brick types and construction techniques |
| Ancient Indian Bricks: A Study | Book | Technical analysis of brick types |
| Traditional Indian Brick Making Techniques | Technical Report | Brick manufacturing process |
| ASI Technical Bulletin | Technical Report | Brick analysis and conservation |
| Site Name | Status | Usage | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dimapur Fort Dimapur | Primary | 100% | |
| Sinhagad Fort Pune | Primary | 100% | |
| Sivasagar Fort Sivasagar | Primary | 100% |