Question 1

What is एन्डेसाइट शिला (Andesite)?

Accepted Answer

एन्डेसाइट (मध्यवर्ती आग्नेय शिला), an extrusive igneous rock [1], served extensively in Indic heritage architecture, particularly during the Early Medieval Period. Its composition primarily includes plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene. Density ranges from 2.4-2.8 g/cm³, compressive strength from 100-200 MPa, and porosity from 1-3% [2]. Traditional quarrying (शिला खदान) methods sourced एन्डेसाइट from volcanic regions across the Indian subcontinent, notably utilized by the Sailendra Dynasty and Mataram Kingdom. It was employed for load-bearing masonry, foundation construction (आधारशिला निर्माण), paving, and sculptural elements. Thermal expansion coefficient is 5-7 x 10⁻⁶/°C. Durability is affected by weathering; conservation (संरक्षण) involves consolidation and surface treatments. Heritage sites like Borobudur showcase its extensive use. Restoration (पुनर्स्थापन) requires careful matching of original material and techniques to maintain authenticity. Traditional construction (पारंपरिक निर्माण) involved skilled artisans (शिल्पी) using hand tools.

Question 2

What type of material is एन्डेसाइट शिला (Andesite)?

Accepted Answer

एन्डेसाइट शिला (Andesite) is classified as Extrusive Igneous Rock, Volcanic Rock. Key properties include Compressive strength: 100-200 MPa, Density: 2.4-2.8 g/cm³, Porosity: 1-3%.

Question 3

Where is एन्डेसाइट शिला (Andesite) used?

Accepted Answer

एन्डेसाइट शिला (Andesite) is commonly used in Java, Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is sourced from Mount Merapi quarries, Local riverbeds.

Question 4

How is एन्डेसाइट शिला (Andesite) used in heritage architecture?

Accepted Answer

एन्डेसाइट शिला (Andesite) is used for Load-bearing masonry, Foundation construction, Sculptural elements, Paving, Stair construction in heritage architecture. It is found in 1 heritage sites.

Question 5

What are the conservation considerations for एन्डेसाइट शिला (Andesite)?

Accepted Answer

Conservation of एन्डेसाइट शिला (Andesite) requires attention to Susceptible to weathering due to porosity and Requires consolidation treatments. Proper maintenance is essential for preserving heritage structures using this material.

Title	एन्डेसाइट शिला (Andesite) 4.5/5(Based on 1 heritage site) Rare Eṇḍesāiṭ śilā Andesite 4.5/5(Based on 1 heritage site)
Description	एन्डेसाइट (मध्यवर्ती आग्नेय शिला), an extrusive igneous rock [1], served extensively in Indic heritage architecture, particularly during the Early Medieval Period. Its composition primarily includes plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene. Density ranges from 2.4-2.8 g/cm³, compressive strength from 100-200 MPa, and porosity from 1-3% [2]. Traditional quarrying (शिला खदान) methods sourced एन्डेसाइट from volcanic regions across the Indian subcontinent, notably utilized by the Sailendra Dynasty and Mataram Kingdom. It was employed for load-bearing masonry, foundation construction (आधारशिला निर्माण), paving, and sculptural elements. Thermal expansion coefficient is 5-7 x 10⁻⁶/°C. Durability is affected by weathering; conservation (संरक्षण) involves consolidation and surface treatments. Heritage sites like Borobudur showcase its extensive use. Restoration (पुनर्स्थापन) requires careful matching of original material and techniques to maintain authenticity. Traditional construction (पारंपरिक निर्माण) involved skilled artisans (शिल्पी) using hand tools.
Also Known As	Andesite Eṇḍesāiṭ śilā Andesite Intermediate volcanic rock Extrusive igneous rock मध्यवर्ती आग्नेय शिला एन्डेसाइट एन्डेसाइट पत्थर
Tags	Andesite Volcanic Rock Extrusive Igneous Rock Java Indonesia Temple Construction Building Stone
Material ID	`INHFMAT-148006745-20-11-25-AS`
URI	https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/material/andesite
API Endpoint	`https://www.inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/materials/andesite`
Total Sites	1
Primary Sites	1
Created	November 20, 2025
Last Updated	November 28, 2025

Time Periods	Early Medieval Period
Dynasties	Sailendra Dynasty Mataram Kingdom

एन्डेसाइट शिला (Andesite)

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Heritage Sites (1)

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